Terminal sterilization is the reliable process to assure the sterility of the product. Regulators more relay on the Moist heat terminal sterilization process than aseptic processing. In terminal sterilization product sterilized in the final container. Terminal sterilization should be utilized when the…

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Vaccines are a group of pharmaceuticals that include some of the oldest biologically-made compounds. The Smallpox vaccine was introduced by Edward Jenner as early as in 1796 and Louis Pasteur created the first live attenuated bacterial (Chicken Cholera) and viral (Rabies) vaccines…

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What is infection? The invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites that are not normally present within the body. An infection may cause no symptoms and be subclinical, or it may cause symptoms and be clinically apparent. An…

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When the bioburden method is employed for sterilization process, the bioburden trend of materials and products should be routinely and frequently monitored and, if more heat-resistant microorganisms are identified, then method should re-validate and the potential effect of the microorganisms on pharmaceutical…

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Remdesivir is an experimental drug from drug maker Gilead that has shown to bring down the viral load on patients and hence help in faster discharge. The efficacy of the drug on severe patients is still under study. The drug, intravenously administered…

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The most important word in the pharmaceutical industry. Usually number of audit concluded based on the “What” and How? Few important examples are quoted below, What is the equipment requalification frequency? What is the HEPA replace frequency? What is the calibration frequency?…

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